“I’m not interested belong to the state of all possible existing organizations, parties (…) provided that psychologically speaking, please understand me correctly, your cards you will leave with coming to work at the lodge “- said Andrzej Drawicz at a meeting with the leadership of the Polish Television. Literally moments before the new head of the Radio Committee. He replaced Jerzy Urban – a person very well-deserved for leaving the communist authorities, and at the same time extremely hated by the “Solidarity”. And he began the process of transformation on TV.
And what was then the Polish Radio and Television? Committee. Radio and Television “Polish Radio and Television”, because it was his full name, was an institution directly subordinate to the government. And it was he who dealt with the organization and control of the operation of both television and radio stations in communist times. Power, which was concentrated in the hands of its chairman was thus really huge. Not surprisingly, it was a political position, and the authorities took care of it, that held them right man.
and this direct subordination TVP and Polish Radio the government remained until 1992. Therefore, the first “solidarity” Prime Minister, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, announcing changes in the building at Woronicza emphasized that television is subject to the government and only it can receive commands. “Radio and television should not receive any other commands from any other centers dispositional than television executives, and executives – than the government (…) If it was ever otherwise, from now may not be so” – said during the meeting at the headquarters of TVP. So there was no question of rapid and revolutionary change. What model so chose the new government? According to the announcement Drawicz, television and radio, were henceforth to be “platform” to reflect and show the views of society, and themselves, by their nature, become a non-party.
this meant one thing – evolutionary changes. They disappeared from the screens so the most compromised people, such as the presenters’ Official Television “from the time of martial law, and their place is occupied new journalists. But the authorities have not decided on a large operation complete replacement of personnel. A large part of the employees of the state media got a chance to work under the new circumstances.
Chaos in Parliament directly translated into personnel carousel on radio and television. New governments chose new presidents of Radio Committee. Successive chiefs came and went. And some, like Janusz Zaorski, even coming back. In 1991-1993, three people guided by Polish Radio and Television – twice mentioned Zaorski, but Marian Terlecki and the legend of “solidarity” of the opposition, Zbigniew Romaszewski. Did not change one thing – the media were still state and subordinate to the government, although their influence on the fight as President Walesa. Real change only coming in.
“diapers” Revolution
the new law on broadcasting was enacted in December 1992. One of its main objectives was to “odspawanie” radio and television from the government. From that moment, separated by TVP and Polish Radio became public media. They broke off direct subjection to the government. The new authorities have invoked the National Broadcasting Council, whose members chose the Sejm, the Senate and the President. Has not changed one thing – the owner of both public radio and television was still the State Treasury. A storm that accompanied the creation of this law, then the appointments and functioning of the National Broadcasting Council, made it clear that the politicians nor the thought of depriving the impact on public media.
New conditions enabled the first real revolution in Polish Television. It is headed by Wieslaw Walendziak, previously associated with a rival TVP or Polsat. This revolution has also gained far-right shade. And it’s guaranteed a big controversy within the same television. Because the corridors and in the editorial appeared new and young people, who began to openly protest against the existing order. Peter Semka, Jacek Kurski, Piotr Zaremba, and Maciej Pawlicki – they became the most expressive faces new TVP and their programs aroused much controversy. The group quickly became known as “diapers”.
“They were ambitious, rebellious, and only learned of television, but they saw that it must be done differently than in the past (…) instead of politely stand with the camera and record the press conference, they formed their own columns and ran through the city in search of news “- describe those television in” the Times Poland “Dorota Kowalska Mira Suchodolska. TVP soon pillars under the “diapers” became such programs as “Pulse of the day”, “Fronda”, “Leviathan” or “without anesthesia”.
“As we started to change TV, zoom it to the standards that should prevail in a democratic, European country, started to happen Dantesque scene. Even the prime minister appealed. I had all the directors of TVP off telephones government. I only had one, which for the first few weeks literally warming (…) people thought that television should be an institution supporting administrative action “- recalled turn himself Walendziak in an interview that she found in the book” CEOs. They ruled TVP. “
Walendziak in the seat of the President of TVP sit until April 1996. He left because the game again entered politics. was coming change of power. this time Woronicza had zawitać left. a time “interregnum” busily used Ryszard Miazek, policies PSL. And, of course, made sure that the TV was welcoming its environment. also quite prosaic way – TVP headquarters does not run out of space for people with legitimacy PSL in your pocket.
Robert Kwiatkowski. Name the next head of TVP has been stored for a long time. For some, a person who wanted to reform the television so that it can effectively compete with private broadcasters. For others – a man who had to take care of the good image of the SLD in the public media, and chair the president owed his participation in the electoral victory of Aleksander Kwasniewski.
“Decisions on public media were and are taken in the world of politics. President has his responsibilities. He must represent the company and strive for its interests” – he argued in his book Beaty Modrzejewska “CEOs. They ruled TVP.” At his post, Robert Kwiatkowski lasted up to six years. His resignation was the aftermath of the storm, which broke out after the explosion so. Rywin affair.
A TVP his time set on entertainment. Culture had to give way. Just as in the days Wieslaw Walendziak, there was no shortage of controversy. Such as the now famous, razor sharp interview, Peter Gembarowskiego Marian Krzaklewski or controversial material about Lech Kaczynski, the defense by Przemysław Orcholski.
One thing is certain, the right-wing revolution Walendziak Polish Television came time for the left-wing revolution, which has made Kwiatkowski. And this mechanism will be repeated along with taking power by another environment. Change will be only the “hue” – depending on the party colors. But no matter the environment, TVP has become the next prey for winning the ruling camp. Some slowing of others. Party “broom” began at the top, together with the passage of consecutive months to reach the executive offices and individual offices. A successive heads of television or came to the building on Woronicza directly from the policy, or openly going into it shortly after, they lost the seat of the President of TVP.
Carousel changes
In the following years, the difference was one – the “strong” or prezesurach Walendziak Kwiatkowski there were times bosses, whose position was not so strong. Their nominations were the result of the then prevailing system of forces and ad hoc agreements between the members of the National Council of Radio and Television. Calm before another storm was a two-year term of office Jan Dworak. TVP policy was less, though, and he decided to “clean up” a little from his predecessor. Not only in terms of personnel. Dworak also decided to return to the “mission” on television and definitely harder than its predecessor put on the culture.
apogee confusion and subsequent changes in the building at Woronicza occurred at a time of government coalition PiS-LPR-Samoobrona, but also the first years of the rule of alliance PO-PSL. But in order to make changes in the public media, the new government needed a single step. The way for the appointment of new members of the National Broadcasting Council opened a rapid amendment of the media law. He dropped another wall of separation between public media of politicians.
The immediate effect of these changes was the new head of TVP – Bronislaw Wildstein . Television again turned right and disappeared from the antenna even serial “Four tank men and a dog.” They appeared for such programs such as the “special mission”. Wildstein, however, withstood this position for too long. Torn by internal disputes, the Supervisory Board of TVP launched a real relay changes. First, the President took office Andrzej Urbanski – one of the closest political associates of President Lech Kaczynski and the head of his Chancellery. Interestingly, his presidency returned to TVP journalists, which the political environment did not express too flattering – even Tomasz Lis. One of the faces TVP has also become Piotr Krasko. On the other hand, even if the series was “Time to honor.”
“I warned that the worst what you can do is pay television artists. the fact that I was right, clearly evidenced by the results of TVP Kultura (…) There is no such thing as a mission. this notion invented by Mrs. Holland and the like (…). Artists in private stations sign contracts with external producers, who are responsible for the success. If a company comes with something that is not successful, it tells her: “Good-bye ‘” – explained Urbanski in his book “CEOs. They ruled TVP.”
also, he did not stay in the place of the chair too long. Two years. With a few months break, when he was suspended. In total, from 2008 to 2011, TVP szefowało seven people. From a former radical activist circles national Peter Farfał the people associated with the media, such as Romuald Heads or Juliusz Braun. It was not until the latter remained for a long time.
Braun, head of TVP was the next amendment to the media law. This time made by the PO-PSL coalition. The new coalition quickly followed the path marked out by their predecessors. And on TV there were further changes. Icons television from the time Wildstein or Urbanski disappeared from the screens. In June 2015 years Juliusz Braun unexpectedly lost a vote on the board of TVP. He was replaced by Janusz Daszczyński. Just half a year.
A new revolution . Towards the national media
Dual electoral success of the Law and Justice meant that the Polish Television and waiting for big changes. Election password, as well as complex during the election campaign promises left no illusions. Despite attempts to adjust to the new reality, the position failed to keep Janusz Daszczyńskiemu. Changes in the public media PiS politicians joined with even more enthusiasm than they did over a decade ago.
In within a few days, it passed a law that made another revolution in the Polish public media. Politicians do not have to hide that prevailed this change – exchange authorities. Quenched so the previous terms, and from this moment on management and supervisory boards will be elected by the Exchequer. Head of TVP is another politician. Jacek Kurski. Rejected so any appearances. Public media returned under the direct power of politicians. The new regulations also abolished the tenure of board members of public media. Minister of the Treasury will be able to replace them at any time.
The seat of Polish Television as quickly entered another HR “broom”. Piotr Krasko, Beata Tadla, Tomasz Lis, Hanna Lis, NC Lewicka, Jarosław Kulczycki, Justyna Dobrosz-laborer and Piotr Maslak – until recently the faces of TVP, said goodbye to the audience. Their place was taken by well-known journalists from the Czech Television, TV Trwam the right-wing weeklies. Changes in the public media did not prevent numerous protests in the country and from foreign associations. They protested, among others Reporters Without Borders, the Association of European Journalists, the European Broadcasting Union, or even one of the commissioners, Frans Timmermans. To no avail.
“I understand the media world. I guarantee that I will be able to wean TVP from the world of politics” – Kurski announced himself at the first meeting with the press already as president of the Polish Television. Also pledged to “restore the standards of fair information, honest debate, fair fight unfettered opposites, different options of looking at the world.” “Until now, a large part of the Polish former this opportunity without” – continued Kurski.
But this is not the end of changes. PiS politicians have already announced another reform. This time, the public media are to be transformed in the “national media”. What does this mean in practice? TVP, Polish Radio and Polish Press Agency are to be transformed from commercial companies in the state legal persons. Manage them are directors who are also editors-in-chief and the persons representing them on the outside.
National TV and radio will have to fulfill a mission – to cultivate national traditions and patriotic values and humanities, to contribute to meeting the spiritual needs of listeners and viewers, arousing and satisfying their versatile interests. As we read further in the draft amendments, they also “promote the achievements of Polish and world science and artistic creativity, disseminate various forms of civic activity, facilitate access to objective information, and create conditions for a pluralist debate on public issues.”
This is not all. The task of the national media will also “respect the Christian system of values, assuming the universal principles of ethics.” Their activities will oversee the five members of the National Media Council appointed by the Sejm, the Senate and the president. This means that the impact of the choice of authority in the public media will lose National Council of Radio and Television.
For now, we only know the announcement and the initial assumptions of the new law. Details we have to meet in the coming months. Coordinating work on the changes in the media Krzysztof Czabański announced that the next reform could start in the spring. What will the final version of the media law? On what model chooses the ruling majority? Let alone again it did not turn out to be the most durable are makeshift. Or they are most comfortable.
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