The first test transmission of television signals, in today’s sense of the word, was carried out in Poland in 1931. Five years later, the then Warsaw skyscraper (Prudential) was placed TV transmitter, which in 1937 was used experimental television station.
In 1938-1939, the number of private television in Warsaw grew very slowly. At first they were single copies, then a few dozen. On the eve of the outbreak of World War II there were already approx. 150-200, although different sources give differing data.
The first experimental television movie Poland issued in 1939. This was the historical drama “Barbara Radziwill.” Articles and press releases announcing the entrance into a new dimension to the media. Their further development negated the outbreak of the Second World War.
After the war, returned to work on TV. Their result was the creation, in March 1952, the Experimental Television Centre, which in October of the same year he began the issuance of the first Polish television program. Eighteen years later, in October 1970, launched the second national television program. Further changes were introduced after 1990. Then the next state television entered the commercial market private stations.
But back to the origins of our television.
In the 1952-1955 television broadcasts were limited to a few short programs per week. Since January 1956 years of the program was broadcast eight hours a day.
In 1955, Poland started in TV production “Vistula”, which had a screen size of 18 x 24 cm (12 inches diagonal), much less than a computer monitor on which you are reading this article. Price popular “Vistula” was 4000 zł, which was the equivalent of four average monthly salary.
Two years later, the production of TV “Belvedere”, which had a screen size of 22×29 cm (14 inches diagonal). It was an exclusive receiver, costing the 7000 zł, the equivalent of the average worker’s income ponadpółrocznych or official. The market also appeared in television imports.
In March of 1956 appeared on the air program “Tele-Echo”, which in subsequent years has become very popular. So today was a forerunner of the popular talk show programs. During the 25 years of its emission (1956-1981) Irena Dziedzic has conducted more than 12 thousand. interviews. Everything was obviously censored.
In summer 1956 years, first launched in Lodz regional television center. At the same time, he appeared first popular science program “Eureka” and the magazine associated with this area – Radio and TV magazine “Antenna”.
Since January 1957, began to record television sets. There were then in the country of 21 thousand. In March this year on television for the first time there was a football game broadcast. A few months later came the first TV weather forecast for the next day. Universally recognizable “stars” of the program became “Wicherek” – Czeslaw Nowicki and the “cloud” – Elizabeth Sommer. In December launched another center in Katowice Regional Television.
Since January 1958 he began to appear every day “Official Television”. His form has evolved over the years, however, was unchanged role – the main instrument of party propaganda. A few months later the cultural magazine “Pegasus”.
A particularly important, in several respects, in the history of Polish Television was the year 1960. Then began broadcasting the program for the whole country. In the same year was made to the Committee for Radio and Television Affairs.
In 1962, on the air entered the “Great Game”, and in Krakow opened another regional center of the TV.
The pace of development of television in our country is best to apply based on the number of receivers. At the beginning of 1957 years, there were 21 thousand., In February 1963 were registered in Poland millionth (!) Television.
At the beginning of TVs were placed mainly to culture – day care (occupational, educational, residential) centers, klubokawiarnii (solution then very popular). Individuals have trouble with their purchase. During this period it happened that over the block or in the whole village was only one TV that – on the basis of neighborly kindness – pulled in front of the screen residents. It was a hassle for the owner of the TV, but on the other hand, generation by integrating community, giving a sense of togetherness. With the increase in the number of televisions this sociological phenomenon disappeared.
It is interesting to cite two studies Centres for Public Opinion Research in the years 1959 and 1969, the documents classified. The first shows the ownership society, and the second, as developed dreams and desires in relation to various material goods, distinguishing between professional groups. In both reports refers to TVs.
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“OPINIONS meet the needs PHYSICAL URBAN POPULATION
(… ) Part II – the ownership of durable goods
The second part of the assessment needs of the urban population is the ownership of durable goods. The results of the study indicate that the ownership of these articles by the urban population is as follows:
Radio – 88.6 percent.
sewing machine – 44.3 percent.
Bike – 39.4 percent.
Washer – 24.5 percent.
Camera – 24.1 percent.
Vacuums – 10 percent.
A motorcycle (scooter, moped) – 8.3 percent.
Television – 5.1 percent.
Fridge – 2.4 percent.
Electric Upright – 1.4 percent.
The characteristic is different for different items having the relationship between the state and the degree of wealth. For example, having a radio is left almost no relation to the degree of wealth. Only in the lowest income group is shown slightly lower ownership of radios. The state with the state ownership of sewing machines. In contrast, more bikes are less well-off. As the number of holders of declining earnings bike, while the ownership of all other durable goods tends growth. “
(Center for Public Opinion Research at the Polish Radio. Warsaw – November 1959 years)
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“Social differences in assessments of the material
The preliminary test result Fri. “How are we to live.”
The answer to the question, which of course nieposiadanych is now most needed, arranged as follows:
Unskilled workers
Refrigerator – 19.4 percent.
Television – 16.7 percent.
Washer – 15.1 percent.
sewing machine – 10 percent.
Vacuums – 9.9 percent.
Bikes – 5.8 percent.
Skilled workers
Refrigerator – 24 percent.
Television – 11.1 percent.
Shaver elect. – 8.9 percent.
Washer – 7.7 percent.
Vacuums – 7.2 percent.
Bikes – 7 percent.
Officials
Refrigerator – 25 percent.
The car – 8.6 percent.
Television – 6.8 percent.
Washer – 6.8 percent.
Shaver elect. – 6.5 percent.
Vacuums – 5 percent.
Specialists
Car – 19.6 percent.
Refrigerator – 13 , 3 percent.
Tape – 8.1 percent.
Carpet elect. – 5.6 percent.
Television – 4.4 percent.
Tent – 3.9 percent. “.
(Centre for Public Opinion Research. Warsaw, 1969)
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Initially, the television was for the Poles window on the local yard, but slowly began become a window to the world. One of the most crucial events in this regard was the direct transmission of Americans on the moon landing, on the night of 20 on July 21, 1969 year. Contrary to the suggestions of Moscow, Wladyslaw Gomulka agreed to the program.
The new decade, which was to be “opening to the West”, the Poles also brought color – in was launched in December 1971 with the issue of trying to TV in color.
In the 1977-1989 television then emit a very popular popular science program “Probe”. History lovers can watch the “witnesses” and the tales of Professor Wiktor Zin architecture Fri. “Feather and coal.” In the years 1959-1983 a large popular was also the “Do It Yourself”, in which Adam Słodowy showed how to do “something” out of nothing.
In the middle of 1985 years was registered in Poland almost 9 million televisions. Receivers prevailed in black and white, but color TVs displaced them very quickly. After years of gray people wanted to “color”. The most popular and most frequently were commercially available color TV Soviet production. In many stores you can Pewex network for hard currency or “dollar” bills Pekao buy Japanese television. It was the subject of dreams of many Polish families. These cherished dream for years average Pole could meet only in the 90s.
In the second half of the ’80s began to appear on the home satellite dish. In 1988, 2,000 permits were issued for the installation of such devices. In 1989, together with changes in the political, social and economic, began to change the TV. Started a whole new chapter in the history of this medium in our country.
Currently, we have universal access to at many stations. TV screens are 30-40 inches, and the seller all the time argue that it is not enough for us.
Bounce on numerous television channels, sometimes it is worth mentioning the old Theatre Television Monday after the main issue of “Journal television “, Thursday mysteries (” Cobra “), an innovative” Studio 2 “exciting adventure” James Bond 007 “or American westerns issued Easter or Christmas.
Thomas Szczerbicki
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